To optimize the safety and environmental protection performance of green steel structure buildings, the seismic and environmental protection performances of a 40-story, steel-braced frame structure were analyzed. According to the actual building parameters, a profile of the green steel structure is presented, and the variations in horizontal displacement with time under different seismic waves were recorded using a time-history analysis method. Based on the Pushover analysis method, the base shear force and elastic-plastic deformation of special-shaped, square, concrete-filled steel tubular (SCFT) columns were analyzed under rare earthquakes conditions. Results of the comparative experiments lead to the following conclusions:the special-shaped SCFT building columns met national requirements for seismic performance. Compared with reinforced concrete and brick-concrete structures, green steel structures can effectively save water and electricity consumption during construction and reduce construction noise, and show strong earthquake resistance and excellent environmental protection.