To solve the problems of curtain wall structures in the traditional deformation of building settlements, research on the critical load of buckling stability of the curtain wall structure in the deformation of building settlements was proposed. The glass curtain wall of the structure was selected as a research object; a finite element model of the glass panel was established to simulate the critical load of the buckling stability of the curtain wall structure. The vertical springs were placed in different nodes at the bottom of the building, and the vertical force of the building's deformation was simulated by adjusting the spring stiffness. On this basis, the potential deformation energy, the potential energy of external force and the potential energy of elastic restriction of the glass rib were calculated by the energy method. Then, the critical load of the buckling stability of the curtain wall structure in the deformation of the building's settlement was calculated according to the principle of the potential value of the standing energy. Different glass rib parameters were established and the single variable factor for the experiment was selected. The experimental results showed that the results of the calculation of the proposed method are accurate and the calculation time of the critical load of the proposed method is less than that of other methods.