Based on geological exploration data obtained along the Xi'an Metro Line 2, in this study, we used ABAQUS finite element software to establish an interaction model for a ground fissure site and structure. In the experiment, the structure was placed at different distances from the ground fissure followed by the application of a seismic wave equivalent to that of the El Centro earthquake. We then compared the changes in the story drift ratio and shear force of the frame columns at the different locations to study the working characteristics of the near-ground fissure structure under earthquake. We determined the dynamic response law of the structure for different setback distances, which were then compared with the variation law of peak acceleration of the ground surface. The results showed that the magnification of the story drift ratio was 30%-41% for a hanging wall structure and 18%-22% for a footwall structure. With increases in the setback distance, the peak acceleration gradually decreased, as did the degree of structural damage. The peak ground acceleration showed a gentle linear decline, and the magnification of the maximum story drift ratio decreased from 41% to 21%. Variation in the peak ground acceleration does not fully reflect the dynamic response law of a near-ground fissure structure. The dynamic time history response law of a structure located at a ground fissure site obviously differs from that at a regular site. The maximum horizontal seismic influence coefficient must be adjusted when a structure located at a ground fissure site is designed for seismic resistance.