Under mainshock-aftershock sequences, the structural damage caused by different fault distance (R_JB) and aftershock times are obviously different, so these influencing factors should be considered when evaluating the bridge damage under mainshock-aftershock sequences. Based on OpenSees platform, a continuous girder bridge was taken as an example in this paper. According to different influencing factors, the artificial main-aftershock sequences were selected to carry out the structural damage analysis. The damage results were compared with those of real main-aftershock events to study the feasibility of predicting structural damage by artificial main-aftershock sequences. The analysis results showed that:when considering the aftershock attenuation, the method based on modified PGA amplitude can well simulate the final damage of the structure under real main-aftershock sequences, and can reasonably predict the damage index of the structure. The influencing factors of fault distance and aftershock times should be considered when evaluating the damage of bridge under regional mainshock-aftershock sequences. The damage state of the bridge structure becomes more and more serious with the decrease in fault distance, and the structural damage increment increases with the increase in the number of aftershocks. Under artificial mainshock-aftershock sequences, the larger the fault distance, the smaller the error of incremental damage, and the closer the predicted damage state is to the actual state