Prestressed segmental bridge columns have good self-resetting capacity under earthquakes, but the existing damage models cannot accurately evaluate the damage of prestressed segmental bridge columns. Thus, it is necessary to study the seismic damage model of prestressed segmental bridge columns. Based on the self-resetting characteristics and damage mechanism of prestressed segmental bridge columns, the self-resetting performance characterization method is simplified. The self-resetting correction factor is proposed to correct the hysteretic energy dissipation of the bridge columns under earthquakes，then the seismic damage model considering the self-resetting performance of bridge columns is obtained. On this basis, the damage states of prestressed segmental bridge columns are divided. Finally, the applicability of the damage model and the damage classification method is verified. The results show that there is an obvious correlation between the self-resetting performance and the energy dissipation damage of prestressed segmental bridge columns. The seismic damage model and classification method considering columns self-resetting performance are suitable for different prestressed segmental bridge columns, which lays the foundation for quantitatively evaluating the damage degree of prestressed segment bridge columns under earthquakes.