On the basis of thermal infrared data from China’s geostationary meteorological satellite, the wavelet transform and power spectrum estimation method were used in this study to analyze thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies before the 2018 Chengduo earthquake, and the prediction process was reviewed and summarized. Results showed that the evolution of thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies before the Chengduo earthquake was characterized by four stages: emergence, enhancement, weakening, and disappearance. The anomalies were distributed in strips and were basically consistent with the fault strike. Some characteristic parameters describing the anomaly were within the reference range of previous earthquake cases. Comparison with the anomalies in the thermal infrared brightness temperatures of other earthquakes with similar magnitudes in the same region revealed that the anomalies before the Chengduo earthquake may be related to the double earthquake type of the Chengduo earthquake. The prediction process of the Chengduo earthquake is summarized as the four stages of analysis judgment prediction test and can provide a new experience for the determination of regional earthquake situations