The macroscopic epicenter,the intensity distribution and the geological background of the 1954 Minqin M_S7.0 earthquake are analysed and studied.The range of the meizoseismal region and the seismogenic fault has been decided at the first time.The earthquake resulted from the extend of the Hongyashan-Sidaoshan fault towards the east with left-lateral and inclined up ward slip under the NE or NNE main compressive stress and related to action of the NNW tectonic zone at the same time.