A breakwater was constructed near Shanghai Port,China,in order to deepen the navigation channel along the Yangtze Estuary.In some sections of the breakwater a thick layer of soft soils was installed prior to construction.The breakwaters,designed as gravity-retaining structures,are made of prefabricated,semicircular concrete caissons.During construction,the caissons in one section failed during a heavy storm.In this study,the causes of the failure were investigated by running dynamic triaxial tests on undisturbed soil samples taken from the construction site.We found that the dike failure was induced by the weakening of the soft soil layer below the foundation.This paper describes the design of a guide dike and related soil improvement projects.We adopted surcharge preloading and prefabricated vertical drains to improve the soft soils below the caissons.These soil improvement measures were proven to be effective in maintaining the stability of the breakwater in subsequent heavy storms.
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闫澍旺,贾霄,孙立强.波浪荷载作用下软土强度软化的加固处理[J].地震工程学报,2014,36(3):452-456. YAN Shu-wang, JIA Xiao, SUN Li-qiang. Consolidation of the Softening of Soft Soil under Wave Loading[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2014,36(3):452-456.