Rayleigh waves always have a corresponding large amount of energy and a high signal-noise ratio that can be used for the inversion of mechanical information. In recent years, the Rayleigh wave method has been increasingly used in geophysical exploration, seismology, and ultrasonic non-destructive testing. To date, most Rayleigh wave applications are assumed to be in elastic media. However, media such as soil and rocks can show viscoelastic characteristics, and there will be an associated error if the medium is assumed to be elastic. Therefore, it is important to study the inversion of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media, and as yet there has been little research on this topic. In this study, we investigate the inversion problem of Rayleigh waves dispersion curves and attenuation coefficient curves, present a method to invert Rayleigh waves dispersion curves and attenuation coefficient curves, and analyze the error associated with this method.