Due to their excellent mechanical performance, such as seismic performance and fire resistance performance, concrete-filled steel tube structures have been widely used in high and super-high building structures. In order to investigate the seismic performance of concrete-filled steel tube structures under the effect of earthquake, this paper developed a finite element model of composite frames with concrete-filled steel tubular columns and steel beams with RC slabs by the separate modulus approach and uniform modulus approach, respectively. By using the ABAQUS software, the two validated calculation models of the separate modulus approach and uniform modulus approach were used in order to perform finite element analysis and elastic dynamic time-history analysis of a 13-story composite frame structure with concrete-filled steel tubular columns and steel beams with RC slabs under three different frequent earthquake waves. The top story displacement versus time curves, acceleration time-history responses, story lateral displacement, and the dynamic magnification factors of the frame, were contrasted based on the two models. The results show that the separate modulus approach and uniform modulus approach did not vary much for the dynamic performance analysis of composite frame with concrete-filled steel tubular columns and steel beams with RC slabs under frequent earthquake. However, the separate modulus approach can be used in elastic-plastic analysis, while the uniform modulus approach needs the expression of the stress-strain curve in elastic-plastic analysis, which requires further study.