In recent years, lightning has increasingly caused significant losses to seismic observation equipment in seismic stations of China. Lightning hazard has become the main security risk for the stations' seismic observation equipment, which plays a critical role in the continuity, stability, and reliability of observation data. Therefore, preventing lightning damage and ensuring the normal operation of observation systems are particularly important. Given the characteristics of instantaneous overvoltage generation, hazard routes, and seismic station monitoring systems, we believe that it is necessary to adopt systematic and comprehensive lightning protection measures to reduce losses caused by lightning. This study first analyzes the formation of lightning, the types of lightning strikes, and the hazards of lightning to digital earthquake precursor stations; further, it explores lightning protection measures from six different angles:power distribution system protection, signal line protection, shielding measures and wiring protection, grounding and equipotent bonding, lightning warning, and equipment maintenance and management. These lightning protection technologies can achieve better results in earthquake monitoring, which can effectively reduce the loss of data. In particular, these protective measures can reduce the amount of lightning-inflicted damage on seismic observation system equipment.