In 2015, Nepal suffered four M>7 earthquakes that had a considerable impact on parts of Tibet, China. Since the town of Zhangmu is an important trading port for China and Nepal, a large number of Nepal-type self-built RC frame structures are built in this region. By investigating earthquake damaged frame structures, in combination with their special construction methods and structural characteristics, the earthquake resistant capacity of these structures was analyzed. Moreover, the seismic damage law and disaster mechanism of the frame structures under the effect of earthquakes was investigated. The results showed that, in addition to being economical, the owner-built frame structures have a high utilization ratio of component carrying capacity. However, their safety reserve is low. The seismic failure mode of this type of structure is mainly due to the failure of frame columns and the cracking of filling walls. The destruction of the roof is mainly caused by secondary geological disasters, such as the falling of mountain rocks, which is caused by earthquakes. Therefore, the location of a house should take full account of the influence of geological disasters to the construction site. The number of floors is immensely influential with regard to earthquake damages suffered by this type of structure; thus, a suitable number of floors is 1~7. The seismic performance of such structures is superior; therefore, it is suitable for widespread application, including application to low intensity areas in China. The results of this study can be used as a guide for earthquake resistant planning and construction of owner-built houses in Chinese villages and towns.