Yinchuan City is located in the core earthquake belt of northwest China, where earthquakes occur frequently. Under rapid development of urbanization, due to the high density of the domestic population, earthquake emergency shelter allocation should be regarded as a key study component of community disaster prevention and mitigation planning. In this study, based on the current community spatial structure and demand for a community earthquake emergency shelter, we established a community earthquake emergency shelter allocation model using the LA model theory and GIS spatial analysis. We selected the Yulin Lane community in Yinchuan City as a case study to test its effect. Results showed that, when the length of the refuge route reached 700 meters, the shelter service area could cover all the demand points. Following optimization of the allocation model, the current shelters could satisfy the shelter demands of 90% of the residents in the community. We suggest that the local government should increase effective shelter space to better meet demand. These results can offer a theoretical basis for the optimal allocation of shelter facilities for disaster mitigation planning in urban earthquake-prone communities.