In this study, we analyzed the performance-based fragility of a typical 20-story reinforced-concrete frame-shear wall structure. First, the appropriate ground motion records were obtained and the amplitude was adjusted in step lengths of 0.2g. We then established 300 structure-ground motion sample spaces and determined the structural damage indexes and performance parameters. The incremental dynamic analysis method was used to calculate the structural seismic response. To study the uncertainty of the structural response, as the ground motion parameter, we used the acceleration response spectrum of the fundamental period and then analyzed the relationship between the structural seismic demand and the ground motion. On this basis, we established the fragility curve of the structure based on the acceleration response spectrum for the analysis and evaluation of its structural fragility. The results showed that with increases in the ground motion intensity, the IDA curve changes from a monotonic increase to a non-monotonic increase. The IDA curves (16%, 50%, and 84%) can be used to accurately measure the performance of the structure. The frame-shear structure was found to perform well under earthquake. With increases in the seismic intensity, the growth rate of the exceedance probability differs.