To study the influence of top building load on the slope stability under strong earthquakes, combined with the distribution characteristics of typical buildings in loess areas, the damage characteristics of loess slopes were discussed through a series of model tests, then a three-dimensional slope model under building load with different distances to the slope was established with the finite element simulation software. By analyzing the total displacement nephogram, horizontal displacement nephogram, and maximum shear strain nephogram of the slope, the variation law of potential dangerous area of the slope was judged. The study results showed that with the increase in the distance of top buildings to the slope, the coincidence area between the top load deformation area and the potential sliding surface of the slope decreases, and it is no longer affected by the potential risk sliding surface of the slope 20 m away from the top of the slope.