In this paper, the influence of different freezing temperatures and moisture contents on the anti-pulling performance of anchor in frozen silt was studied. According to the mechanical characteristics and deformation law of the frozen soil-concrete interface, the hyperbolic model was used to describe the shear displacement characteristics of anchor-frozen soil interface. The anchor load transfer equation considering the influence of temperature and moisture content was established based on the load transfer method. The calculation formulas of shear stress, axial force, and bearing capacity of the anchorage section were then obtained by using the finite difference method, and the rationality of the equation was verified by ABAQUS numerical simulation. The results showed that the uplift bearing capacity of anchor in frozen soil is greater than that at normal temperature. The lower the temperature, the higher the bearing capacity. Under the same load, the attenuation rate of axial force along the depth increases with the decrease of frozen soil temperature. Under the same freezing temperature, the bearing capacity of anchor increases first and then decreases with the increase of moisture content. The ultimate bearing capacity of the anchor can be effectively improved by increasing the anchor diameter.