Based on indoor tests, the static and dynamic mechanical strength parameters of a loess-mudstone landslide were obtained, and a large-scale physical simulation test model for low-angle loess landslides was established. Combined with the finite difference software FLAC^3D, the dynamic response law and macro failure characteristics of the loess landslide were analyzed, and the instability evolution law of the landslide under earthquake was described. The results indicated that the low-angle loess-mudstone landslide shows obvious amplification effect along the horizontal and vertical directions under seismic load. With the increase of slope height, the acceleration amplification effect at the shoulder and rear of slope is more obvious. Comparing the acceleration amplification factors of the profiles at the slope toe, slope waist and slope shoulder, it is found that the underlying mudstone has a certain amplification effect on the seismic wave. The contact surface and tension cracks at the shoulder and rear of the slope form an arc sliding surface, then the overlying loess layer slides successively from inside to outside. The sliding force and seismic force of the soil at the slope shoulder cause a large-area and long-distance sliding of the soil at the slope waist, with a maximum sliding distance of about 200 m. In terms of the dynamic response and macro deformation characteristics of the low-angle loess landslide, the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the shaking table test results.