The earthquake action causes planar and vertical deformation of reinforced concrete (RC) frames, increasing seismic forces on the structure and elevating the damage level. Shape memory alloy (SMA) materials quickly restore the shape before deformation under external forces, reduce the degree of frame damage, and further improve the load-bearing capacity and stability of the frame structure. On this basis, the seismic performance of SMA concrete frame buildings was studied. Taking an actual project as an example, a finite element model of an RC frame structure was established using ANSYS software. Tianjin, Beiling, Indian Ocean, and artificial seismic waves were selected as ground motion input, and the time-history analysis results under these seismic waves were recorded. The research results show that the hysteretic curve of the structure under earthquake action has a full flag shape. The maximum inter-story displacement is 1/125, the residual deformation is within ±10 mm, the maximum peak load is 211 kN, and the horizontal bearing capacity is strong. These results show that an SMA-supported frame has high self-resetting performance, an excellent seismic response effect, and a strong seismic bearing capacity; thus, it can effectively improve the safety and reliability of a building structure.