Controlled rocking uplift bridges represent a pivotal advancement in seismic-resilient structural design. Utilizing dual-column high piers that undergo alternate lifting/settling transversely, this bridge induces controlled lateral rocking uplift to mitigate seismic forces transmitted to slender reinforced concrete piers. Energy-dissipating dampers at the pier base rocking interfaces can further restrict uplift displacement and abutment movement. In this review, we first introduce the fundamental concepts of self-centering rocking bridge structures. We then systematically detail the design idea, structural connections, experimental validation, and dynamic behavior of the South Rangitikei Rail Bridge using the controlled rocking uplift technology and summarize construction methodologies for critical components (pylon caissons, piers, and box girders). Finally, the application prospects of typical controlled rocking uplift tall-pier bridges are evaluated. The results demonstrate that (1) rocking structures exhibit amplitude-dependent natural periods and nonstationary vibration frequencies, precluding conventional modal decomposition; (2) uplift-capable piers enhance seismic stability through pronounced hysteretic damping during rocking and uplifting; and (3) impact mechanisms at uplift interfaces, combined with supplemental damping devices, effectively suppress seismic responses, minimize residual displacements, and strengthen self-centering capacity. This study provides valuable insights for designing resilient bridges in high-seismicity regions of China.