On September 18, 2024, an MS 4.7 earthquake struck Feidong County, Anhui Province, China, and caused considerable public concern. This study uses ground-motion records from 135 seismic stations of different types located near the epicenter. It systematically examines the acceleration time histories and response spectra, ground-motion attenuation, spatial distribution of shaking, and site amplification effects of this event. The MS 4.7 earthquake was further treated as a small-event Green’s function. Uncertainties in source parameters were also taken into account. Based on the empirical Green’s function method, the potential damage caused by a scenario MS 6.0 earthquake in this region was simulated and evaluated. The implications of larger potential earthquakes for regional seismic safety were then discussed. The results show that: (1) ground-motion amplitudes recorded by different types of stations differ significantly. Under similar location conditions, the peak PGA and PGV recorded by strong-motion stations are 63.2 and 11.4 times those recorded by regular seismic stations, respectively. This finding indicates that the thick sedimentary cover in the study area substantially amplifies the damaging potential of ground motion, especially at a period of 0.1 s; (2) the attenuation patterns of ground motion also vary markedly among different station types. The attenuation rate observed at intensity stations is clearly higher than that at strong-motion stations and regular seismic stations; (3) this MS4.7 earthquake, which occurred in an area with thick sedimentary cover, was a relatively destructive event among earthquakes of comparable magnitude; and (4) for the MS 6.0 scenario earthquake, the PGA may reach 0.8~1.0g at some locations, corresponding to a seismic intensity of up to X. This study suggests that special attention should be paid to the significant amplification effect of thick sedimentary cover on ground motions at specific periods. The potential impact of future larger-magnitude earthquakes on the structural safety of super high-rise buildings in this region should also be evaluated.