Aiming at the problems in the current method of mobile phone signal location, i.e., the limitation of location distance and the great influence of the change of signal propagation loss on the determination of signal source direction, a mobile phone signal location analysis method based on satellite navigation is proposed. From four aspects of the suddenness, destructiveness, social influence, and defensive difficulty of the earthquake, a portable mobile station is designed to extract the residual signal of the mobile phone through the GPS single difference model. Then, the average residual of mobile phone signals in the appointed area is calculated, and the root mean square of the mobile phone signals of each area is obtained. The mean square deviation is substituted into the two-difference equations of all seismic events, and the mobile phone signal intensity is solved. The positioning of mobile phone signals based on satellite navigation is realized by the angle of arrival measurement method. The collected data were analyzed to verify the ability of the system for searching in large-scale earthquake ruins. The experimental results show that the proposed method can search and locate a large range of mobile phones, and the signal source direction is stable.