To study the local seismic performance of deep foundation pit supporting pressure structure of high-rise buildings under the action of ground motion acceleration during earthquake, a series of shaking table tests were carried out on the deep foundation pit project of a high-rise building by using the finite element software. A finite element calculation model of the deep foundation pit supporting pressure structure was first constructed. Then the ground motion accelerations of 0.4g, 0.5g, and 0.6g were input to test the seismic performance of the deep foundation pit supporting pressure structure with different insertion ratios at different construction stages, and the influence of different earthquake intensities on the displacement of the structure was also studied. Finally, through the mode decomposition response spectrum method, the displacement and acceleration response of the supporting pressure structure were obtained, and the test on the local seismic performance of the structure was realized. The test results showed that the seismic stability of deep foundation pit supporting pressure structure of high-rise buildings is related to the excavation depth, insertion ratio, and seismic intensity. The seismic stability of the supporting structure is inversely proportional to the excavation depth of deep foundation pit and seismic intensity, while it is directly proportional to the insertion ratio. The insertion ratio can effectively improve the seismic performance of deep foundation pit supporting pressure structure of high-rise buildings.